Mount Tambora

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Mount Tambora (or Tamboro) is an active stratovolcano, also known as a composite volcano, on the island of Sumbawa, Indonesia. Sumbawa is flanked both to the north and south by oceanic crust, and Tambora was formed by the active subduction zone beneath it. This raised Mount Tambora as high as 4,300 m (14,100 ft),[5] making it formerly one of the tallest peaks in the Indonesian archipelago. After a large magma chamber inside the mountain filled over the course of several decades, volcanic activity reached a historic climax in the super-colossal eruption of April 10, 1815. The 1815 eruption was approximately VEI 7, the only eruption of that size since the Lake Taupo eruption in about 180 CE.

With an estimated ejecta volume of 160 km3 (38 cu mi), Tambora's 1815 outburst was the largest volcanic eruption in recorded history. The explosion was heard on Sumatra island more than 2,000 km (1,200 mi) away. Heavy volcanic ash falls were observed as far away as Borneo, Sulawesi, Java and Maluku islands. Most deaths from the eruption were from starvation and disease, as the eruptive fallout ruined agricultural productivity in the local region. The death toll was at least 71,000 people (the deadliest eruption in recorded history), of whom 11,000–12,000 were killed directly by the eruption; the often-cited figure of 92,000 people killed is believed to be overestimated.

The eruption caused global climate anomalies that included the phenomenon known as "volcanic winter": 1816 became known as the "Year Without a Summer" because of the effect on North American and European weather. Agricultural crops failed and livestock died in much of the Northern Hemisphere, resulting in the worst famine of the 19th century.

During an excavation in 2004, a team of archaeologists discovered cultural remains buried by the 1815 eruption. They were kept intact beneath the 3 m (9.8 ft) deep pyroclastic deposits. At the site, dubbed the Pompeii of the East, the artifacts were preserved in the positions they had occupied in 1815.

Geographical setting

Mount Tambora is located on Sumbawa Island, part of the Lesser Sunda Islands. It is a segment of the Sunda Arc, a string of volcanic islands that forms the southern chain of the Indonesian archipelago. Tambora forms its own peninsula on Sumbawa, known as the Sanggar peninsula. At the north of the peninsula is the Flores Sea, and at the south is Saleh Bay, 86 km (53 mi) long and 36 km (22 mi) wide. At the mouth of Saleh Bay there is an 30,000 hectares islet called Moyo (Indonesian: Pulau Moyo) which has a guest shelter or luxurius resort where celebrities such as Princess Diana once stayed.

Besides its interest for seismologists and volcanologists, who monitor the mountain's activity, Mount Tambora is an area of scientific studies for archaeologists and biologists. The mountain also attracts tourists for hiking and wildlife activities. The two nearest cities are Dompu and Bima. There are three concentrations of villages around the mountain slope. At the east is Sanggar village, to the northwest are Doro Peti and Pesanggrahan villages, and to the west is Calabai village.

There are three ascent routes to reach the caldera. The first route starts from Doro Mboha village south of the mountain. This route follows a paved road through a cashew plantation until it reaches 1,150 m (3,770 ft) above sea level. The end of this route is the southern part of the caldera at 1,950 m (6,400 ft), reachable by a hiking track. This location is usually used as a base camp to monitor the volcanic activity, because it only takes one hour to reach the caldera. The second route is located in southwest of the mountain start from Doro Peti village, the Tambora volcanic monitoring station is located in this village. The third route starts from Pancasila village northwest of the mountain. This route passing through a coffee plantation. Using the third route, the caldera is accessible only by foot. The highest point of Tambora located on a hill near the westen rim of the caldera.

In August 2011, the alert level for the volcano was raised from Level I to Level II after increasing activity was reported in the caldera, including earthquakes and smoke emissions.In September 2011 the alert level was raised to Level III after further increases in activity.

Geological history

Formation

Tambora lies 340 km (210 mi) north of the Java Trench system and 180–190 km (110–120 mi) above the upper surface of the active north-dipping subduction zone. Sumbawa island is flanked to both the north and south by the oceanic crust.The convergence rate is 7.8 cm (3.1 in) per year.[18] Tambora is estimated to have formed around 57,000 years ago.Depositing its strata has drained off a large magma chamber inside the mountain. The Mojo islet was formed as part of this geological process in which Saleh Bay, collapsing into the caldera of the drained magma chamber, first appeared as a sea basin, about 25,000 years ago.

According to a geological survey, prior to the 1815 eruption Tambora had the shape of a typical stratovolcano, with a high symmetrical volcanic cone and a single central vent. The diameter at the base is 60 km (37 mi).The central vent emitted lava frequently, which cascaded down a steep slope.

Since the 1815 eruption, the lowermost portion contains deposits of interlayered sequences of lava and pyroclastic materials. The 1–4 m (3.3–13 ft) thick lava flows constitute approximately 40% of the layers' thickness. Thick scoria beds were produced by the fragmentation of lava flows. Within the upper section, the lava is interbedded with scoria, tuffs and pyroclastic flows and falls. There are at least twenty subsidiary or parasitic cones. Some of them have names: Tahe, 844 m (2,769 ft); Molo, 602 m (1,975 ft); Kadiendinae; Kubah, 1,648 m (5,407 ft); and Doro Api Toi. Most of these parasitic cones have produced basaltic lavas.

Eruptive history

Use of the radiocarbon dating technique has established the dates of three of Mount Tambora's eruptions prior to the 1815 eruption. The magnitudes of these eruptions are unknown. The estimated dates are 3910 BCE ± 200 years, 3050 BCE and 740 CE ± 150 years. They were all explosive central vent eruptions with similar characteristics, except the lattermost eruption had no pyroclastic flows.

In 1812, Mount Tambora entered a period of high activity, with its climactic eruption being the catastrophic explosive event of April 1815.The VEI 7 eruption had a total tephra ejecta volume of 160 km3 (38 cu mi). It was an explosive central vent eruption with pyroclastic flows and a caldera collapse, causing tsunamis and extensive land and property damage. It had a long-term effect on global climate. This activity ceased on 15 July 1815. Follow-up activity was recorded in August 1819 consisting of a small eruption (VEI = 2) with flames and rumbling aftershocks, and was considered to be part of the 1815 eruption sequence.Around 1880 ± 30 years, Tambora went into eruption again, but only inside the caldera.Small lava flows and lava dome extrusions were formed. This eruption (VEI = 2) created the Doro Api Toi parasitic cone inside the caldera.

Mount Tambora is still active. Minor lava domes and flows have been extruded on the caldera floor during the 19th and 20th centuries.[1] The last eruption was recorded in 1967.However, it was a very small, non-explosive eruption (VEI = 0).

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Bright Sasak Welcome for Cruising Tourists

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YOUNG and adult dancers from Lombok’s indigenous Sasak community donned colourful traditional costumes to welcome more the 130 visitors from a luxury cruise ship.

Cruise ships from around the world are calling at Lombok’s Lembar harbour so their passengers can experience some of West Nusa Tenggara’s (NTB’s) exotic scenery and cultural wealth.

Port authority PT Pelabuhan Indonesia (Pelindo) III said that French-flagged luxury cruiser L’Austral, which anchored at Lembar on 6 April, was one of 22 cruise liners scheduled to visit the West Lombok port in 2012.

The 142-metre vessel has a capacity for 264 passengers. After it anchored at Lembar at 7am, 132 visitors disembarked to participate in two organised tours of the Lombok mainland.

Some chose an introduction to Lombok’s rich history by visiting significant sites such as the Mandalika traditional market, the temples and gardens at Lingsar and Narmada parks, and the art market at Sayang-Sayang.

Others took advantage of Senggigi beach to enjoy sunbathing, snorkelling and surfing before joining their fellow passengers for lunch at the Senggigi Beach Hotel.

The tours and lunch were organised by Express Reservation Service (ERS) Tours and Travel whose manager, Halis, said it was the first time visitors from the French-flagged vessel had disembarked at Lombok.

L’Austral had called at Lembar before, but only between stopovers at Benoa in Bali and Probolinggo in East Java, where passengers were to visit Mount Bromo, he said.

The challenge for Halis was to arrange worthwhile and convenient activities while staying close to the harbour because of the visitors’ tight schedule.

“The passengers were due back on board at 2pm as L’Austral was due to sail at 3pm, so we could not take them far from the harbour,” he said.

“However, through six French-speaking tour guides and two English speakers, we were able to let the visitors know that there are many other tourist destinations and activities on both Lombok and Sumbawa.”

Halis said while the French tourism market was promising for NTB, the number of French-speaking guides in the province was limited and people would need to be recruited from elsewhere for activities needing more than six guides.

The passengers were welcomed to Lombok with traditional performances of the music and dance of the indigenous Sasak people of the island. “We wanted to create an impression of the characteristics of Sasak culture and community,” said Halis.

L’Austral visited Lombok on a 12-night cruise from Darwin in Australia to Singapore.

http://www.enchanting-lomboksumbawa.com/tourism/bright-sasak-welcome-for-cruising-tourists.php

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Rebirth Planned for Historic Ampenan

A PRESTIGIOUS mega project to build a harbour hotel and resort in the historic old port district of Ampenan is predicted to initiate a development boom in Mataram.

Both the Mataram city council and the proposed developer, Jakarta-based diversified trading company PT Gunung Lawoe Mercu Buana, say the 5.6 hectare site for the Rp2.7 trillion project would include reclaimed land extending up to 50 metres into the sea in order to avoid community displacement and eviction of residents.

The company has called for resident support for the project, saying that an early start and smooth progress would see construction complete within two years. And Mataram officials have urged an immediate start to development activities.

PT Gunung Lawoe Mercu Buana and Mataram city council signed a memorandum of understanding for the project in late January.

Ampenan, founded by Arab traders centuries ago, was Lombok’s main port until the 1970s when Lembar was developed to take advantage of the big, protected bay for which it is named. The town still has a large Arab ethnic community.

Offshore pylons from the old port have weathered the ages and the elements and still remind people today of the past power of the port of Ampenan to attract traders from around the globe.

Evidence that the once bustling trading centre was a city of multi-national societies is found in Ampenan communities which are named for Arabs, Malays, Chinese, Balinese and other peoples.

The architecture of historic buildings in Ampenan, such as former port warehouses and places of worship including mosque, church, temple and monastery, also remains as a reminder of the town’s rich multicultural past.

Mataram city council believes the potential to harness Ampenan’s important history and colourful cultural influences has attracted the Gunung Lawoe group to propose its major investment in the district.

The memorandum of understanding was signed on 27 January by Mataram Mayor H Ahyar Abduh and Gunung Lawoe chief Rusdiono Yusuf Subandi.

Witnesses to the agreement were Deputy Mayor H Mohan Roliskana, Mataram council Deputy Chairman H Didi Sumardi and community and religious leaders.

City spokesman Cukup Wibowo, head of the local government’s public relations and protocol office, said the mayor had urged Gunung Lawoe to immediately commence activities in the development area to show people that investor-government agreements would be realised.

“The Mayor emphasised that the development over ​​5.6 hectares would not claim residential land,” he said. “There will be no evictions. Instead, people will receive direct benefits from this development.”

It is widely envisioned that the new Ampenan hotel and resort would restore the former profile and popularity of the old port city.

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Gunung Lawoe managing director Rusdiono said the development concept centred on use of the district’s beach area where 80 percent of construction would be done on reclaimed land.

It is understood this would meet the Mayor’s wishes to avoid resident evictions.

The Mataram council has pledged to facilitate licensing approvals for the project in accordance with proper procedures and legislative requirements.

“If all goes well construction of the Ampenan Harbour Hotel and Resort, on reclaimed land which extends up to 50 metres out to sea, will be completed within two years,” said Rusdiono.

He said he expected support from all levels of Mataram society, and especially from residents of Ampenan, so that financing could be accelerated from both a local bank and a national-level bank.

“If this prestigious project can be materialised, then the future development and progress of the city of Mataram will thrive,” said Rusdiono.

source : http://www.enchanting-lomboksumbawa.com/news/rebirth-planned-for-historic-ampenan.php

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Paradise in Trawangan

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Gili Trawangan is the largest of Lombok's Gili Islands and the only one to rise significantly above sea level. Measuring 3 km long and 2 km wide, it has a population of around 700.[citation needed] Trawangan means Terowongan (Tunnel) due to there is a cave tunnel built in Japanese occupation.[1] Of the Gilis, Trawangan has the most tourist facilities; the pub Tîr na Nôg claims that Trawangan is the smallest island in the world with an Irish pub. The most crowded part of Trawangan lies on the eastern side. It was previously administered under Lombok Barat Regency along with Senggigi until 2010 when the Gili islands came under the jurisdiction of the new North Lombok Regency (Kabupaten Lombok Utara).

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There are several ways to reach from Lombok to gili Trawangan like using a boat from the Bangsal port that is located about 42 km from Mataram to Gili Trawangan, The port can be reached about an hour from Mataram in Lombok Indonesia.

On Gili Trawangan (as well as the other two Gilis), there are no motorized vehicles. The main means of transportation are bicycles (rented by locals to tourists) and cidomo (a small horsedrawn carriage). For traveling to and from each of the Gilis, locals usually use motorized boats and speedboats.

Some of the first inhabitants of Gili Trawangan were from Sulawesi who are fishermen and farmers. Previously Gili Trawangan was covered in forest and deer lived on the island.

The economy of Gili Trawangan centres on tourism, as the island is too small to support any broad scale agriculture, and too remote to allow economically viable industry or commerce.

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THE SOUTHWEST

Floating in the sparkling turquoise waters just off the southwest coast are twelve small island called the southwest Gilis. Unlike the famous Gili island in the northwest of Lombok, the southwest Gilis are largely uninhabited and have yet to be discovers by most travelers thus they are often called “ the secret Island “.

The Sekotong region start just south of Lembar Harbour and feature stunning beaches and bays set again a backdrop of rolling hills. The drive itself is a a worthwhile trip, meandering through villages where life is largely untouched by tourism and where the people are involved in their day to day activities farming, fish cultivation, boating, and fishing, brick making and other traditional pastimes.

Along the roadsides you will see people building and repairing boat, laying out hand made bricks to dry in the sun, working in the fields and sometimes guiding primitive wooden ploughs harnessed to huge water buffalo as they prepare the fields for planting.

The peaceful villages of Taun ( or Tawun ) is situate on a wide, placid bay in Sekotong. The ocean is sparkling turquoise and the dazzling white sands stretches in a wide sweep around the bay, while the hills behind form a perfect backdrop to this idyllic setting.

Just out in the calm bay are the three lovely islands of Gili Nanggu, Gili Tangkong and Gili Sudat- all easily accessible by local outrigger boats. A small sign in the nearby village will direct you to the local boat hire area, where you can arrange boats trips out to Gili Nanggu and other small island offshore.

Of the three, only Gili Nanggu has accomodation for visitors, with Gili Nanggu cottages providing simple cottage on the beach and a restaurant, as well as deluxe rooms further back from the beach. The island is small and the beach here has soft white sand and a good reef just off the beach for snorkling.

Travelling a little further south before the marine culture complex ( Balai Budaya laut ), there is a small dirt road leading out on to  a white penninsula of sands that just into beautiful clear waters. Drive to the end for superb views and a close up look at Gili Genting.

Gili Genting sits off just the trip of the penninsula and at low tide you can walk across the sandbar and explore this unhabited island. Old volcanic rocks and stone carved from centuries of tides create small caves alcoves, providing shelter for picnics and interesting nooks and crannies to explore.

Back on the main road and slightly further south is Sundancer Resort, with its distinctive blue roofs dotted on the hillside overlooking another white sands beach. The hotel development is still under construction.

Across the road from Sundancer, on the beachfront, is Dive Zone-Currently the only diving facility in this part of Lombok and the experts on diving around the southwest island, having of previously unknown dive site in this area.

Dive zone offer dive trips around Sekotong and the islands, as well as in three locations in south Lombok including challenging world class diving off southeast Lombok.

Past dive Zone another few kilometres is Cocotinos Boutique Beach Resort on the secluded beach at Tanjung Empat. With 28 rooms, including beachfront villas with private swimming Pools, Cocotinos is the only luxury  accomodation in the area.

In the next intersection there is a signpost to the right for Labuhan Poh and Pelangan, the site of  Bola paradise. This is a small hotel, situated right on the beachfront with comfortable and clean rooms at reasonable prices. The hotel also organises snorkelling tours and is a popular choice for those surfing at Bangko-Bangko.

The largest of this island is Gili Gede, appropriately meaning “Big island”. The island lay just offshore and is so large visitors often mistake it for part of the mainland. Gili Gede is easily reached by boat from the village of  Tembowong and is only minutes across the water.

Gili Gede is one of the few islands in the area that has accomodation, at Secret Island  Resort on the south. Via Vaccaare on the northwest and Madak Belo on the east.

Gili Gede is large enough to provide a range activities such as hiking to the hills in the entre for fantastic views across the other islands, exploring deserted beaches and hidden coves and meeting the people living on the island, who are very friendly and, as yet unspoilt by tourism.

Secret island has comfortable budget accommodation, including a unique bungalow perched on a pier over the reef  the only one in the either Lombok or Bali. The Resort offers a host of activities that all the family will enjoy, while also being a place where you can get away from it all.

Secret island can also organize fishing trips and island hopping excursions to the other beautiful island in the area, most of which are deserted about their comfortable 9m custom built boat “Scorpio”.

To the south of Gili Gede, the islands of Gili Ringgit, Layar and Asahan are lined up like secret treasures in the calm sea.

Bounty Cruises, a Bali based company, own much of the land on Gili Ringgit and have constructed a boat mooring and pier on the island. There is good snorkeling on the west side of Gili Ringgit, accesed by boat. Large gardens of hard and soft corals lay just beneath the surface and the reef extends along most of the island’s coast.

 The other side of the island, where the pier is located, has a fantastic white sand beach and is a favourite for guests from Secret Island Resort and Dive Zone, as the scenery and beach here are so lovely.

This easy to snorkle offshore, just north of the pier and, although the reef isn’t as large as on the other side of the island, there is plenty to see. Bright Blue starfish drape themselves across patches of coral, and bright  yellow and black Moorish Idols dart through the water. Schools of Hundreds of small iridescent fish swim past and weirdly shaped squid drift by in the deeper areas.

We met a boat load of happy tourists on Gili Ringgiit, out for the day with Dive Zone, who described the diving as some of the best they’ve ever experienced. Most  couldn’t stop gushing about the huge school of turtles they had just seen near Gili Layar.

All around these southwest Gilis, abundant coral reefs lay just below the surface waiting to be explored, filled with thousands of brightly coloured tropical fish, huge sprawling blue starfish and magical turtles gently gliding through the water.

Lightly south of Gili Gede, beautiful Gili Asahan attract visitors with deserted white sand  beaches, clear calm waters and swaying palm tress.

Pearl beach Resort, the only accommodation on the island, is a lovely boutique hotel charming and well designed bungalows here looking out over a breath taking beach. Of a much higher standard than most of the southwest accommodation, each bungalow has a private terrace and western standard bathrooms with hot water.

There is also beachfront bar and restaurant serving western and Indonesian meals, and good snorkeling directly from the beach.

The Resort is popular with divers and can arrange diving and snorkeling trips, as well as islands hopping tours.

Deserted white sand beaches call visitors from the sea  to picnic on the beaches and swim in the clear turquoise waters. Pearl beach is perfect for romantic escapes and for those seeking the transquillity of a private island resort.

Leaving Gili asahan and back on the mainland there are a small home stays and private accommodations spaced out along the road to Bangko Bangko – the surfing Mecca for those in the know, located on the far southwest tip of  Lombok. The wide white sand bay is lined with fisherman’s huts and draws hundreds of surfers every year from as far away as Hawaii and Brazil to challenge the huge waves of  Desert point, just offshore.

Although the road deteriorates after Labuhan Poh, it is still passable for most vehicles in the dry season. During the surfing season, from mid-May to September and again  in December, the beach is buzzing with surfers, but otherwise it is a remote and peaceful area. Bali is clearly visible, with the island of Nusa Penida only about an hour’s sail away.

The drive to the point is dotted with bucolic scenery and tiny villages, making it a worthwhile trip even for non-surfers. There is basic surfer accommodation in the area and plans for development in the near future.

The southwest is slated for tourism development and it’s easy to imagine hotels and resorts on all these beaches and islands in the future, as well as yachts, fishing boats, windsurfers, dive boats and the lake. But for now, the Southwest is unspoilt and the Gilis remain the secret island... stunningly beautiful, pristine and unique ; and known only

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KUTA AND THE SUBLIME SOUTH COAST

South Lombok has beaches that inspire photograph from around the world and draw crowds to bake on the blindingly white sands, swim in the crystal clear ocean and challenge some of the best surf breaks in Indonesia.

KUTA is the main town and tourism centre on the south coast of Lombok, and is the hub for exploring the fantastic southern beaches and the main point of interest in the region. Located around 60 km south of Mataram and about one and a half hour’s drive from Senggigi, Kuta ( sometimes spelt Kute ) makes for a wonderful day trip from others points in Lombok, or an alternative holiday destination for travelers exploring Lombok.

With the Lombok International Airport currently under construction in the area, all the major roads are being renovated and the main road to Kuta are very good. The new Airport  is  located only 15 minutes north of Kuta and is expected  to spark major development in the area.  for now, the beaches are pristine and spectacular.

Kuta and surrounding beaches have gained an International reputation for some of the bet surfing destinations in southeast Asia. It is here that the gentle waters surrounding Lombok meet the currents of the Indian Ocean, forming great swells and surf breaks. Kuta attract thousands of visitors every year for the great surf Locations at Gerupuk, Tanjung A’aan and nearby beaches. It is easy to hire a board and a surf guide from here to learn surfing or, for experienced surfers, to acess the more challenging surf breaks in the area.

The drive down to the south coast is an interesting rural tour of small villages and farming communities. Fields of tobacco, corn and peanuts line the roadsides and farmers still the fields using Antiquated ploughs pulled by large water buffalo.

Just before arriving in Kuta, the road passes two traditional Sasak villages  Sade and Rambitan. On the east side of the road is Rambitan, a village that caters to tourists and has authentic clusters of thatched Lumbung ( rice barns ) and traditional homes made of thatch and bamboo, with hardened cow and buffalo dung  floors.

Nearby on the hilltop, is one of the oldest mosque in Lombok, Mesjid kuno. The small building with a thatched roof is considered holy and many believers make pilgrimages to pray here.Slightly further south is Sade , a hilltop village with more Lumbung and traditional home. Both villages have been renovated and cater to the tourist market but are still interesting example of traditional Sasak architecture and communal living within compounds. Where life continues as it has for centuries. Residents, who act as guides for a small fee, encourage walks through either of these villages and are happy to share a glimpse of their lifestyle with visitors.

The south coast itself provides plenty of opportunities for exploring beaches and coastal scenery of such breath taking beauty it is hard to describe. Hire a car or motorbike and you can spend days visiting beautiful, mainly deserted beaches, both to the east and west Kuta.

Kuta itself is a small, relatively unattractive town of hotels, home stays and backpaker’s hostels that cater mainly to the thousands of surfers from around the world who are drawn to the area every year to surf the left and right hand breaks out in the day.

There is a good variety of hotels and restaurants for budgets travelers and one luxury resort: the Novotel Lombok Resort. Designed to blend in with its environment, and with  stunning beachfront location, the Novotel is a wonderful example of traditional Sasak architecture.

Situated just to the east of the main Kuta are is Mandalika, named after legendary Princess Mandalika. It is near here that thousands of people gather every year celebrate the colourful ritual of Bau Nyale, when masses of sea worms spawn in the water offshore.

Around 4 km east Kuta is Tanjung A’aan, with a perfect white sands beaches and good waves for surfers. Slightly further east is Gerupuk, well known as a top surf location and situated on a penninsula of land that just out into the ocean, with stunning views of the sea, and the surrounding islands and bay. There is a good surf school here and no fewer than five surf  breaks.

The beaches and scenery continue all the way to the east coast, with fantastic places such as Bumbang, Ekas, and Pantai Sorga ( Heaven Beach )...the same says it all.

Simple beach cottages and a charming restaurant sit right on the sands of Bumbang beach, for those wishing to stay a few days, surfing and exploring the eastern beaches.

To the west of Kuta are another series of beautiful beaches and bays hidden behind headlands and rolling hills providing peaceful and secluded spots for picnic and swimming. All are within easy day trips of Kuta.

Ashtari, around 2 km west of Kuta, stands out from the usual Kuta cafe’s and is a “Must stop” for those touring in the area. Perched on top of the hill with spectacular views over Kuta and the surrounding beaches, Ashtari serves exquisite teas and juice and delicious vegetarian meals and snacks that are truly out of the ordinary.

Mawun Beach is arround 30 minutes drive to the west and is picturesque, almost circular bay with small green headlands rolling into the ocean from either side. It is a spectacular beach with calm blue waters, perfect for swimming and spending a day lazing on the sand.

Mawi, around another 7km to the west, has good right and left hand barrels for surfing when the swell is large enough. At others time, it is a lovely beach with impressive views of Gili Lawang just offshore with three starling pinnacles of rock jutting out of the ocean.

Further west are picturesque Selong Belanak, Sepi and Blongas, and many more scenic bays and beaches along the way: all are mostly deserted. The road deteriorates rapidly and the going can be rough at times. Be sure to use an experienced local guide with a good vehicles. The recently opened Sempiak Villas in Selong Belanak has a restaurant and several comfortable villas for those wishing to stay in this secluded region.   

Steeped in history and legend, surrounded by beaches of almost surreal beauty, the south coast is a fascinating area to visit, wheter your interests are historical, cultural or just the opportunity to see and explore some of the most beautiful and pristine coastal scenery in Indonesia.

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THE GILI ISLANDS

PEARLS IN THE OCEAN

Three perfect coral islands, fringed with white sands and swaying palm trees, lay in the sprakling ocean just off the north-west coast of Lombok. For many years the Gilis have attracted visitors from around the world for their pristine waters, great diving and snorkeling opportunities, and laid-back charm.

The word “Gili” actually means “small island” and so these islands have come to be known as “The Gilis” by travelers, who have long sonsidered them to be at least equal to the appeal of Thailand’s and India’s south coasts.

The Gilis have sparse vegetation and rainfall, and it can seem much hotter than on the mainland. This means there is sunshine most days of the years, even when it’s raining in Lombok and Bali. Water is mainly drawn from wells or shipped from the mainland, so there is a need for conservation to preserve the limited resource. Be prepared for salty showers in most of the small hotels and home stays, although the large hotels and villas provide fresh water.

There are no cars or motorbike on the islands, and the main form of transport apart from walking, is by horse and cart (locally called cidomo). There is a good selection of restaurant, bars and accommodation on all three islands, with the biggest range on Gili Trawangan.

Telephone and internet facilities are available, and most of the normal tourist amenities, although there are no banks and only large hotels and dive operators accept credit cards. Moneychangers exchange at a slightly lower rate than the mainland, so it’s wise to change your money before going.

The islands provide ample opportunities for visitors to swim, sunbathe, snorkel or scuba dive with the many internationally accredited dive operators based in Lombok.

Popular dive companies are owned and operated by westerners with PADI qualification, and professional standards of safety and environmental awereness.

Blue Marlin Dive, Dream Divers and DSM Dive Centre are probably the biggest dive companies, with office on the Gilis and in Senggigi on the mainland. Manta Dive, Big Bubble, Trawangan Dive and Vila Ombak Diving Academy on Gili Trawangan also have good reputation.

Snorkelling is easy in the calm waters directly off the beaches and, although much of the coral in the shallow waters has been destroyed. It’s still enjoyable, with plenty of fish to see.

At greater depths and at dive location around the three islands, the pristine waters are home to an abundant variety of corals, aquatic life and thousands of species of tropical fish, at least comparable to the top dive location in Thailand.

All three islands have developed independently and at different paces, giving each a different personality or style, and catering to different types of holiday makers and travelers. This means that traveler have a good choice, depending on their individual tastes and what type of island escape they prefer.

Gili Air is closet to the mainland and the most quickly accessed of the three Gilis. This island has the largest local population of the three and combines the charm of a tropical island, with access to the people and culture that make Lombok so special.

Diving facilities abound and there is nice snorkelling directly from the shore, particularly from the east and northeast beaches. The south of the island has some good surf, in the right condition.

Gili Meno is the middle and smallest island of the three, with the lowest population. It is not as 

developed as Trawangan or Air, but has its own special tranquil style.

The pace is a much slower, with the laid back charm of a true castaway tropical island experience. Small hotelsand basic beach-side huts provide accommodation for those seeking a peaceful place in the sun, with unpopulated beaches, clean waters and quiet walks under the star-filled skies at night.

Gili Trawangan is the largest islands and furthest mainland, but easily reached is less than an hour by local boat or 10 minutes by speedboat.

This is the most famous of the three Gilis, with a reputation as “ the party island”. While this reputation refers to the many fun parties held at different bars and restaurants on the island, it is misleading description of this lovely place.

There is a wide variety of accommodation on Gili Trawangan, ranging from simple home-stays to up-market hotels and villas with swimming pools. There’s a great selection bars and restaurants to suit all tastes, particularly toward to southern end, known locally as “ Sentral”.

Snorkelling is extremely easy just off the shore and there is still an abundant variety of tropical fish species to enjoy. The island is famed for its vast gardens of coral and is one of the best dive spots in Lombok.

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THE CITIES

The three main cities in Lombok – Ampenan, Mataram, Cakranegara – have expand over the years and now merge together to create what is, for Lombok, an urban sprawl of shops, administrative centres and residential areas.

A visit to the cities makes an interesting day trip, exploring the numerous small shops selling everything imaginable at low prices. There are numerous pearl shops in Ampenan sell unset and pearl jewellery at cheap prices. These are genuine pearls from pearls farms on Lombok and Sumbawa and, if you bargain the price, are a good deal. Gold shops are also popular in both Ampenan and Cakra, with 24kt gold being sold by the gram, regardless of the design.

For cheap and interesting food choices, explore the many restaurants, warungs and food stalls in the cities. Or just wander around the streets to soak up the atmosphere and discover fascinating insights into Lombok city life!

Ampenan was the original old port in Lombok during Dutch colonial times and some of the old architecture is still visible around the town, particularly toward the beach to the west. This area becomes a market at night, filled with warungs and kaki lima ( food carts) for cheap, tasty food and local flavor. With its numerous shop, cheap hotels, dusty roads and plentiful cidomo ( horse carts), gold and pearl shops, and its Arab quarter, Ampenan is a colourful town to explore.

Kebun Rock, just near the traffic lig hts in Ampenan on the road from the airport, is the site of the local markets. Every day traders set up stalls selling fresh produce from around the island, local snacks and product, live chickens and fresh fish in the afternoon when the fishing boats come in. A stroll through the markets is a pungent and enlightening experience!

Mataram, about 3km to the east of Ampenan, is the administrative centre for Lombok and Sumbawa ( NTB Province), with government offices, banks, mosques, schools and colleges, bookstores, the main post office, and Mataram University downtown.

In Mataram, the Nusa Tenggara Barat Museum houses historical and cultural artefacts from Lombok and Sumbawa. It’s an interesting place to visit and occasionally hosts special exhibits. Displays include exhibits on geology, history and culture. Address: Jl. Panji Tilar Ph 632159 for opening times. There is a small admission fee. Also worth visiting is the cultural centre, Taman Budaya on Jl. Majapahit Music and dance performance are presented here regularly Phone 622428 for details.

Mataram Mall, on the main street in Mataram, has an upstairs food court for cheap local meals. Lombok’s only real mall, there are four floors of shops of goods. Particularly good buys are shoes, jeans, and copy brand bags and belts.

There is a department store, several electronic stores, and shops selling clothing, CD’s and DVD’s. Hero Supermarket, on the ground floor, is useful for some western goods, food and toiletries. The Chemist next door has imported toiletries, supplements and medicines, McDonalds and KFC have outlets on the ground floor.

Cakranegara ( usually abbreviated to “Cakra”) is Lombok’s main shopping area. It is also home to many Chinese and Balinese, who make up over 50 percent of the city’s population. The streets of the city make an interesting tour with gold shops, sporting goods, clothing stores and very good fabric stores selling imported silks, laces and cottons, to name a few.

Many of Lombok’s weaving and basket making industries are located near Cakra; turn left at the central traffic lights and look for the market on the right near the bridge. The baskets in particular are sold in Bali at many times the local price.

The next large town east of Cakra, Sweta, has a huge market every day near the Bertais bus terminal, with all kinds of goods on sale, from foodstuffs to clothing, exotic birds, handicrafts and more.

Nearby Temples and Places of Interest

Pura Meru on Jl Selaparang, Cakranegara, was built in 1720 by Balinese Prince Anak Agung Made Karang and is the largest temple on Lombok. Its three meru are for the Hindu trinity – Shiva, Vishnu and Brahma. This is an important temple for the Balinese here and its annual Pujawali festival, held over five days duringthe full moon in September or October, is the biggest Balinese Hindu event on Lombok. The outer courtyard hall has large drums used to announce ceremonies and festivals. In the central courtyard are two buildings with raised offering platforms. The interior enclosure has 33 shrines as well as the three multi-tiered meru.

Pura Mayura, just across the street from Pura Meru, was built in 1744 as the court temple of the last Balinese kings in Lombok. An open hall or bale kambang ( floating pavilion ) stands in as large artificial lake here and is used as a palce for meetings and to relax. Today the palace gardens are a playground for children. The temples sits behind the sedate water gardens and is open daily; admission is by donation.

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SENGGIGI WEST COAST RESORT

Just over one hour from Lombok International Airport, Senggigi is the main tourism centre on Lombok and, apart from the Gili Island, the most developed tourism area on Lombok. The town of Senggigi is about 10 km north of Ampenan, and about 10km north of Ampenan, and about 30 minutes drive from Teluk nara and Bangsal – the harbours to the Gili Islands.

Nowhere near as large or as busy as its Bali counterparts, Senggigi is a great base for exploring the rest of the island. The pace is laid-back, with activities centred on the beaches and day trips to places of interest, which are all within a few hours drive from the town.

At night, Jalan Raya Senggigi ( the main street ) comes alive. Dine in the many restaurant catering to all tastes and budgets, listen to live music at the bars, or dance the night away at the nightclubs.

Senggigi Beach is the large bay that forms the centre of Senggigi, with the main road running parallel to the beach, and large resorts occupying the space between. The Senggigi Beach Hotel, Santosa Villas and Resort, and the Sheraton Senggigi Resort all line the curved bay of Senggigi Beach and offer a full range of resort facilities, equally attractive for singles, couples and families.

The beachfront is currently undergoing “revitalization” by the West Lombok Tourism Departement, which threatens to ruin the natural beauty of the beach. It can become very crowded and is best avoided on Sunday and public holidays. However, many more beautiful beaches exist just minutes away to the north.

One of most specialist sights on the island is the sunset viewed from Senggigi Beach, with the bright orange sun sinking into the sea the west and Bali’s Gunung Agung volcano silhouetted on the horizon like a giant pyramid floating in the ocean.

Senggigi Reef, off the southern point, has good coral for snorkeling and, in the right condition, some decent surf breaks, Canoes can be hired from the beach on the weekends and during peak tourism times. Local outrigger boats ( prahu) can be chartered from the beachfront for trips along the coast or out to the Gili Islands.

The main road in Senggigi is lined with small attractive hotels catering to all budgets, shops, tour agencies, restaurants, bars and nightclubs; many of which have live music in the evening. There are a couple of supermarkets, numerous ATM’s and moneychangers, a post office and all the normal tourist facilities.

Senggigi is a relaxing and attractive place to stay, with a good range of luxury hotels and resorts, as well as mid-range and budget accommodations.

Tourism de velopment runs north along the coastal road for about 10km, with many hotels and restaurant positioned along the beautiful beaches that line the entire west coast.

About 2km north of central Senggigi Kerandangan Valley has a popular beach nearby and some small boutique hotels such as Puri Mas Spa Resort and Villa Campi Sorga, situated in pretty valley Dream Estate Park comprise private villa accommodation for owners and investors, and has villas available for short and long term rental in a secure, well-managed estate.

At the end of the road through Kerandangan Valley is the Taman Wisata Alam – Kerandangan Nature Reserve- with clearly marked hiking paths leading through the rain forest along the river. There is a small Ranger’s hut and visitors centre near the entrance, and picnic areas with basic concrete tables along the paths. The park boasts a small waterfall, pretty river scenery, families of local monkeys and a variety of tropical plants and birdlife.

Further north, Mangsit has developed as an accommodation alternative to Senggigi with boutique style hotels positioned along the breathtaking beaches of this section of coast. The popular Qunci Villas, Puri Mas Beach Resort, Windy Beach Resort and Holiday Resort Lombok are located in Mangsit.

Furthest north are Klui and Lendang Luar, with two  hotels- Jeeva Klui and Hotel Bulan Baru- and long stretches of pristine beaches.

Mainly deserted white sand beaches, flanked by coconut groves and untouched by hotels development, continue all the way north along the main coastal road Malimbu and Nipah are two picturesque bays less than half an hour from Senggigi, which are good for snorkeling, swimming and getting away from it all.

Teluk Nara and Teluk Kodek are on a large bay that froms a natural harbor, about 25kms north of Senggigi. All the main dive operators have boats here, which transfer guests to the Gili islands, as an alternative to nearby Bangsal Harbour.

Bangsal Harbour, less than 5km further north, is reached by turning left at the crossroad in Pemenang and from there it is easy to catch the public ferries ( actually large outrigger boats) out to the Gilis, or to charter boats for island hopping.

Whether you are seeking luxury accommodation at a top resort with fine dining and spa facilities, or a budget holiday with days spent exploring-or all the choices in between – Senggigi caters for all tasted and budgets.

From Senggigi, it’s easy to explore the attraction of the stunning south coast or the hop on a boat to the famous Gili islands lying just offshore. Swim, snorkel, dive, hike, lie in the sun, have a massage, eat and drink at some of the great restaurant and bars in town; or just take a break and be enchanted by the peace and beauty of Lombok.

source : The Lombok Guide Magazine

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ATTRACTION AND ACTIVITIES

source : The Lombok Guide Magazine

Getting around Lombok is easy by car or motorbike and you can hire these in all the main tourism area, with an International Drivers License. The roads are generally in good condition and traffic is light. Alternatively, hire a car and drive for exploring or take part in the tours and day trips offered by the many tour agencies on the island.

BEACHES

The whole island is surrounded by fantastic beaches, most of which are covered is clean white sand and fringes by coconut palms. Drive just north of Senggigi to Malimbu or Nipah and enjoy deserted beaches with fine snorkeling and swimming. The southwest coast  also has fine beaches, especially around Sekotong and Taun.

Visit the small island of Gili Nanggu for rustic accommodation and great snorkeling just off shore or stay at Secret Island Resort on Gili Gede to explore the twelve other undeveloped islands in the southwest. The beaches around Kuta are breathtaking beautiful. Visit Gerupuk for fantastic scenery, Kuta for long stretches of white sand and turquoise waters, or swim in the peaceful lagoon at Mawun.

DIVING

With so many beaches and small islands, Lombok offers a myriad of diving and snorkeling opportunities. The best known locations are around the Gili islands Gili Air, Gili Meno and Gili Trawangan. Snorkelling is easy from the shore and all three islands are well served by professional dive operators who offer full PADI certification courses, day and night dives to the many sites around the Gilis, as well as specialized courses and live-aboard adventures to exotic locations. For the more adventurous, there is superb diving, around the islands off the southwest coast, as well as near Kuta on the south coast and the small uninhabited islands off the east coast.

SURFING

Lombok is becamoung a world-renown surfing destination among surf enthusiasts world-wide. Huge waves and challenging surf lure die-hards to Bangko-Bangko ( also known as Desert Point) on the south-westren tip of Lombok.

Kuta, on the south coast, is surf-central and has a range of accommodation and services catering specially to surfers.

Here you can hire a board, get board repairs and take surf lesson from professionals.

The waves at Gerupuk and Kuta offer a variety of challenges from beginners to sheer madness!

TREKKING

Much of the islands is still covered by natural rain forest and jungles, making Lombok ideal for ecotourism and adventures tours.

There are a number of spectacular waterfalls on the island which provide lovely trekking opportunities, whether travelling independently or as part of a tour. Sendang Gile on the slope of Mt Rinjani in the north is an easily accessible waterfall in a stunning jungle setting and popular with visitors.

Air Jeruk Manis, near Tetebatu is reached by walking through pretty rice fields and forest.

The awesome Beang Stokel and Benang Kelambu waterfalls, in central Lombok are located within a short trek of each other and make a perfect day trip for those who appreciate truly magical natural surroundings.

MOUNTAIN CLIMBING

Mt Rinjanji, Lombok’s famous volcano soars 3726m above sea level and is the second highest volcano in Indonesia, attracting thousands of trekkers and climbers annually. The huge crater near the top contains a beautiful lake, Danau Segara Anak ( Child of the Sea Lake ) and a smaller volcanic cone, Gunung Baru Jari, which was formed a couple of hundred years ago. There are a number of caves, small waterfalls and hot springs located around the volcano.

In 2004 Rinjani won the World Legacy Award and the volcano is recognized internationally  as an important eco-tourism destination. Two, three and four day treks on the volcano are offered by tour companies and trek organizers in all the main resort areas of Lombok.

HISTORIC SITES & TEMPLES

There are a number of interesting temples around the west coast, many of which are Hindu or ancient animist sites of worship.

Pura Lingsar is possibly the only palce in the world where Hindu and Moslems come together to pray and celebrate. Built around 1714, Pura Lingsar was originally based on the prevailing animist beliefs of the time, and come of the original animist statues remain today. Perang Topat, is an annual festival held at Lingsar and features a ritualized war with rice cakes, which also serve as an offering to the God.

Pura Narmada ( or Narmada Temples ), around 10 km east of Cakranegara in Naramada, was created circa 1805 as an replica of Gunung Rinjani and Segara Anak, the lake within Rinjani’s crater. The gardens at Narmada are beautifully maintained and surround the pools and lake.

Pura Suranadi, a complex of three temples located a few kilometers north of Narmada in Suranadi, is the oldest and holiest of the Balinese temples in Lombok, founded by the 16^th-century Javanese priest, Dahyang Niratha. Underground streams bubble up into restored baths, used for ritual bathing. Huge sacred eels live in the pools and streams here, and can sometimes be lured out with an offering of boiled eggs ( purchased at a nearby stall). To see a sacred eel is considered very lucky!

HANDICRAFT VILLAGES

Lombok is famous for its traditional earthenware pottery made from local clay with distinctive “Lombok primitive” designs. You can also purchase hand-woven sarongs and fabrics ( ikat).

Pringgasela in central Lombok is a small village which is steeped in tradition and is a major centre for weaving ikat. Visit the small houses and shops here to purchase traditionally woven, colourful fabrics.

Masbagik, close to Pringgasela, is amll pottery village. Wander the streets and small see the pottery being made in the small yards behind the simple homes here and purchase the wares for amazingly cheap prices.

Sukarara is 5 km to the west of Praya, heading south toward Kuta. This is a weaving village where quality ikat and traditional cloth is displayed and sold. Weavers work outside many of the shops, using antiquated “ back starp looms” to painstakingly produce works of art. Some of the larger pieces can take several months to weave, and collectors from around the world visit this village to purchase the balnkets, sarongs and cloth produced here.

Banyumulek, easily reached on the road south to Lembar Harbour, is an important centre for pottery on Lombok. The small village is packed with shops selling pottery produced in the area, as well as from the other main pottery-making villages such as Penujak and Masbagik. Lombok pottery, with its distinctive terracotta styles, has become famous internationally and is exported throughout the world.

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